"Caring" holds profound significance in human life, acting as a fundamental element that shapes our identities, imbues our existence with meaning, underpins our ethical frameworks, and fosters our social connections. Todd May, in "Care," offers an initial approach, stating that all views of caring agree on two fundamental and related aspects: first, caring involves a sense of the importance of the object of care, meaning we value it; and second, when we care about something, there is a sense of loss (or potential loss) when it's threatened. This sense of importance distinguishes caring from mere desiring, as we can desire many things we don't care about. Furthermore, caring differs from needing; we might need something without caring about it, and vice versa.
The act of caring is deeply intertwined with the meaning we find in our lives. May argues in "A Fragile Life" that for most of us, caring involves attachment and lends meaning to our lives. If we did not care with desire and passion, our lives would not feel like our own. Central to caring about something is that it matters how the thing one cares about fares. This mattering opens us up to the possibility of suffering, especially when things we care about fail. However, this very capacity for suffering tied up with caring is bound to what gives meaning to our lives. Our lives are meaningful not simply because we participate in projects but because it matters to us how those projects and the people (or animals) we share them with fare. A project we did not already care about could not offer us the kind of nourishment necessary for meaningfulness. Meaning, according to May, arises through the meeting of objective attractiveness with subjective attraction, where we are "gripped, excited, interested, engaged" by what we are doing.
Moreover, what we care about plays a crucial role in defining our identities. As May notes in "Care," we define ourselves, and are often defined by others, by what we care about. When asked about our interests, we are likely to tell others what we care about – our careers, passions, or involvement in causes – as these are the ways we identify ourselves and are identified by others. This caring gives us a coherent and stable way of being engaged with the world, marking our interests and goals and defining the framework of standards and aims in terms of which we endeavor to conduct our lives. Without caring, our desires would lack a significant grip, and we would move haphazardly from one desire to another, unable to commit to anything in a stable, ongoing way, potentially becoming what Frankfurt terms "wanton".
Philosophical perspectives on caring further illuminate its significance. Harry Frankfurt views caring as a volitional necessity, where a person finds that they must act as they do because of what they care about. Agnieszka Jaworska emphasizes the emotional basis of caring, arguing that even those without high levels of cognitive reflection, such as young children or people with Alzheimer's, can express genuine care. Husserl, as explored by Nicolas de Warren, provides a phenomenological angle, highlighting that care is indexed to the affectivity of values. We care for what we experience as valuable, and this caring guides our lives and defines who we are as "caring beings". Husserl sees caring as fundamental to moral conduct, anchored in the lived experience of valuing.
The ethics of care, arising from feminist philosophy, places central focus on attending to and meeting the needs of the particular others for whom we take responsibility, emphasizing relationality over abstract moral principles. This perspective, as discussed by May, values emotion in the epistemological process of understanding morality, recognizing the crucial role emotions like empathy play in developing proper moral behavior. Empathy, defined by Zaki and Ochsner as "experience sharing, mentalizing, and prosocial concern," is a vital skill relevant to caring about what others feel and is essential for producing cooperative forms of social life, often triggering altruism, loving-kindness, and compassion. As Krznaric argues in "How Should We Live," developing our empathy is a key to personal wellbeing and creates the human bonds that make life worth living. Heidegger's existential philosophy also considers "care" (Sorge) as the basic state of Dasein (being-in-the-world), encompassing both concern about things and solicitude for other people. This "being-with" (Mitsein) signifies that we are always connected to others, and solicitude (Fürsorge) is an essential element of our being.
Caring extends beyond human relationships to include ideals, places, activities, and non-human animals. Our passionate engagement with these particular things in particular ways ties us profoundly to the world. This engagement is not merely an outward action; the world also reaches into us, making caring a profound form of commerce between ourselves and the world.
However, the significance of caring also entails vulnerability. Because caring involves mattering to someone how the cared-about project or object fares, it renders us vulnerable to suffering when things go wrong. As Stump argues, suffering is a function of what a person cares about, occurring when we fail to have personal thriving, be what we ought to be, or fail to have the desires of our hearts. Accepting this vulnerability is part of remaining caring creatures, and the potential sadness or suffering is the price we pay for the caring we value, the other side of the subjective attraction that gives life meaning.
In conclusion, caring is not just a fleeting emotion but a fundamental aspect of human existence that shapes our values, drives our actions, and connects us to the world and each other. It is the bedrock of meaningfulness, the cornerstone of our identities, and a crucial element in our ethical and social lives. While caring inevitably exposes us to vulnerability and potential suffering, it is this very capacity to care that enriches our lives and makes us truly human. As Eisenstein suggests in "The More Beautiful World Our Hearts Know Is Possible," even seemingly small, intimate acts of care can have profound significance, underscoring the vital role of caring in creating a more humane and interconnected world.